Structural isomerism : Position isomerism Introduction & Important Examples for IIT JEE Main & Advanced

Position isomerism : If legnth of principle chain is equal to any two isomers but the position of same substituents functional groups double bond and triple bond are different are called position isomers and phenomena is position isomerism.

Examples  :

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Structural isomerism : Chain isomerism Introduction & Important Examples for IIT JEE Main & Advanced

Chain Isomerism : The structural isomers which having different size of principle chain are chain isomers and the phenomena is known as chain isomerism.
NOTE.1 - The compounds which have four & more carbons then four number of carbons can show chain isomerism.
NOTE.2 - Any two or more than two isomers can not have chain and position isomerism simultaneously.

Examples :

I.U.P.A.C. naming of terminating functional groups

Nomenclature of Alcohols Important examples for IIT JEE Main & Advanced

Rule : In this case we select longest chain 

Nomenclature of Alicyclic compounds Rules Most Important Examples for IIT JEE

Naming of alicyclic compounds :

Note - Priority of applying rules 

            Rule 1 > Rule 2

Rule 1 : If Number of carbon atom in the ring greater than equal to number of carbon in the open chain mean

   C(ring)  ≥ C(open chain)

then ring is considered as the principle chain.

Rule 2 : If the functional group, double bond, triple bond,  and substituents present either in the ring or in the open chain then principle chain is considered having functional group double bond triple bond or substituents.

Examples :

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Spiro Compounds : Introduction, Naming, Examples

Introduction : If  two rings meet at one carbon only then it is called spiro compounds and the point at which both rings meet is called spiro point.

How to do Naming of spiro compounds : We start numbering from the side of smallest ring and so on.....almost same like this and only at last of the largest ring.

Examples :

Bicyclo Compounds : Introduction, Naming, Examples

Introduction : When two rings are attached to each other with two carbon atoms are called Bi-Cyclo compounds and that carbon atoms are called bridge head carbon atoms.

Naming : For the name of these type of compounds we start numbering from bridge head carbon.

How to do naming of Bi Cyclo Compounds : First of all we start numbering from the side of largest bridge and at last we do numbering of smallest bridge. If all bridges are identical and functional group, double bond, triple bond and substituent are presentthen priority of numbering will be as --

Functional group > Double bond > Triple bond > Substituent